ESR1 and cancer: Alternatively, DBC1 might contribute to the growth or survival of cancer cells independently of SIRT1, as DBC1 interacts with various proteins including retinoic acid receptor α, estrogen receptor α and β, androgen receptor, SUV39H1 methyltransferase, HDAC 3, and BRCA1, and the interaction between DBC1 and SIRT1 can be lost in some cases [31, 32].