HRAS and thyroid cancer: The following genes were selected on the basis of their known roles in tumorigenesis or chemoresistance: ACTN1, AKT2, ANXA2, CADM1, CDKN2C(P18), FN1, GAL1, HRAS, IGFBP3, LMNA, ERK1 and STAT3. Particularly, STAT3 is a key factor for chemosensitivity in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells and thyroid cancer-derived CD133+ cells [22–24].