Some genes in the survival signature have also been associated with functions related to motility and invasion: EPN3 over-expression has been shown to promote cancer cell invasion [35], MACF1 has been shown to be involved in cell mobility and steering by interactions with HER2 [36], and CSNK1G2 is thought to modulate the activity of metastasis-associated MTA1 while itself a target of ER [37]. Here, EPN3 is linked to cancer.