Since M-CSF contributes to the development of CIA [49] and its expression is upregulated in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, T cells, and endothelial cells in RA [50], [51], we examined if TNF-α expression is increased in the Sh3bp2KI/+ macrophages in response to M-CSF. Here, TNF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.