PCR array analyses using the Human Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (PA2) array in 293T cells overexpressing human ApoM (Table S1) demonstrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) gene, which is related to insulin resistance [29], was down-regulated by 2.1 folds (P = 0.0029) (Figure 4A), while ApoM mRNA levels in 293T cells transfected with the human ApoM gene were increased by 80 folds (P = 0.0001) (Figure 4B). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.