However, we reported that diabetes-related conditions, diabetic nephropathy, steatohepatitis and diabetic cardiomyopathy were improved in OLETF rats 4 weeks after G-CSF treatment in the same manner [44]–[46], and the long-lasting effects of G-CSF in this study were also similar to those in our previous reports. Here, CSF3 is linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy.