Physical exercise exerts ameliorating effects on insulin resistance by increasing mitochondrial formation of ROS in skeletal muscle to induce expression of PGC1α, PGC1β, and PPARγ as inducers of insulin sensitivity as well as SODs 1 and 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1, key enzymes of ROS defense [50, 142]. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.