Accumulating data strongly support the association of RBP4 circulating levels with traditional, (e.g. dyslipidaemia, hypertension, albuminuria) and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. cytokines) mainly through the impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism and adipose tissue dysfunction, despite that opposite findings put RBP4 changes in dispute [12–14]. This evidence concerns the gene RBP4 and inherited lipid metabolism disorder.