The increased serum VEGF levels in PCOS were shown to correlate with increased ovarian vascularity in these women [13, 18], while laparoscopic ovarian drilling has been shown to reduce Doppler indices of ovarian stromal blood flow [24] with a concomitant reduction in circulating VEGF levels [25], supporting the notion that VEGF contributes to the vascular changes observed in PCO. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.