Thus, the information derived from the literature and the data presented here provide evidence that different inhibitors, such as miglustat and Genz-529648, amitriptyline [14] and myriocin [21], that target GBA2, ASM and ceramide de novo synthesis, respectively, could represent therapeutic tools to reduce ceramide levels and limit excessive lung inflammation in CF patients (figure 10). The gene discussed is SMPD1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.