Western blot analysis showed that +SA mammary tumors grown in the untreated control group or the α-tocopherol negative treatment control group displayed a relatively high expression of HIF-1α, phospho-Akt, phospho-ERK1/2, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and phospho-eIF-4E1 levels and relatively low levels of phospho-4E-BP1 (Figure 8(b)). Here, HIF1A is linked to breast cancer.