PIAS3 and lung carcinoma: Regarding PIAS3 and its role in lung tumorigenesis, it has been demonstrated that PIAS3 decreases lung cancer growth and increases the antitumor effects of EGFR inhibitors [20], activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway via altered expression of Bcl-2 and Akt family members [21], [23], and interacts with several other transcription factors, including: ETS, EGR, NR1I2 and GATA1 [21], all of them playing important roles in cancer development.