SNCA and Parkinson disease: Point mutations (A30P and A53T) or duplication of α-synuclein result in loss of DAergic neurons concomitant with oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and Lewy bodies formation (Narhi et al., 1999; Hsu et al., 2000; Masliah et al., 2000; Kuwahara et al., 2006), the hallmarks of PD.