Moreover, because blood flow reduction following the ET-1 infusion into the brain tissue is rapid, but not immediate (Macrae et al., 1993) and reperfusion happens over several hours (Biernaskie et al., 2001), the ischemic lesion occurring in the cerebral tissue may be more representative of human stroke than the immediate reduction and reperfusion seen in other animal models of ischemic stroke (Faraji et al., 2011b). Here, EDN1 is linked to ischemic stroke.