MMP9 and urinary bladder cancer: In contrast MMP9 was significantly highly increased in stages T3 and T4 of both schistosomal bladder cancer (10.33 ng/ml) and non-schistosomal bladder cancer patients (21.22 ng/ml) (P < 0.0001) and this increase was much higher in non-schistosomal bladder cancer than in schistosomal bladder cancer patients (Table 2) and (Figure 1).