The Hangzhou criteria (HC) were first established by Zheng et al. [16] in 2008, HCC patients meeting Hangzhou criteria must fulfill one of the two following items: (a) Total tumor diameter less than or equal to 8 cm; (b) total tumor diameter more than 8 cm, with histopathologic grade I or II and preoperative AFP level less than or equal to 400 ng/mL, simultaneously. Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.