These two examples of neurodegenerative diseases support the working hypothesis that the beneficial effects resulting from A2AR blockade may involve their ability to attenuate microglial activation and associated chronic neuroinflammatory status, which would interrupt the vicious cross amplifying cycle of degeneration and inflammation leading to a slower development of neurodegenerative disorders (Figure 3). The gene discussed is ADORA2A; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.