Moreover, treatment of diabetic mice with the A2A adenosine receptor agonist CGS21680 (3-[4-[2-[[6-amino-9-[(2R, 3R, 4S, 5S)-5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]propanoic acid) attenuated the morphological transformation of ramified microglia into an activated ameboid microglia and resulted in marked decreases in diabetes-induced retinal cell death and TNF-α release [43]. This evidence concerns the gene ADORA2A and diabetes mellitus.