We identified an asthma-predominant cluster with eosinophilic inflammation and elevated TH2 inflammatory mediators, a COPD-predominant group with elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and an asthma and COPD overlap group that clinically had chronic bronchitis, increased bacterial colonization, elevated sputum IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and a sputum neutrophilia. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and asthma.