MoM (gestation corrected) kisspeptin levels were 60% lower in women with a singleton pregnancy who later experienced miscarriage when compared with unaffected pregnancies (MoM kisspeptin: 1.06 ± 0.42, singleton, no miscarriage; 0.42 ± 0.39, singleton with miscarriage, P < .001 vs singleton, no miscarriage) (Figure 2A). This evidence concerns the gene KISS1 and spontaneous abortion.