In the PFC and hippocampus, the PTSD group demonstrated elevated mRNA levels of IL-1β, F(3,18) = 3.56, p < 0.05 and F(3,20) = 3.53, p < 0.05 (Figures 4A,B) and TLR4, F(3,20) = 4.11, p < 0.05 and F(3,20) = 1.44, p > 0.05 (Figures 4C,D). Here, IL1B is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.