To put the levels of CSF IL-1β in the present study in a broader context, they were marginally higher than in acute stroke (0.80 pg/ml) [28], and similar to those in dementia; in Alzheimer's dementia levels range from 0.12 pg/ml [29] to 19.6 pg/ml [30], in vascular dementia 0.3 pg/ml [31] and in Dementia with Lewy Bodies 2.60 pg/ml [32]. Here, IL1B is linked to vascular dementia.