IL4 and infection: According to the data obtained in the present study, it can be hypothesised that immunological mechanisms participating in conferring protection against infection caused by F. hepatica involve Th1, Th2 and Th17 immune responses; the most protection-inducing peptides -according to survival rates, fluke burden and hepatic damage-, stimulated the production of high IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 levels, respectively, after their administration with the AA0029 immunomodulator.