In order to analyze the implications of PPPDE1 expression in pancreatic ductal carcinoma, the cancer tissues were further classified into two groups, those with high (staining score, >3) levels of PPPDE1 expression (PPPDE1-high cancer) and those with low (staining score, ≤3) PPPDE1 expression levels (PPPDE1-low cancer) (Table I). Here, DESI2 is linked to cancer.