To determine whether CypA Kd can affect expression of cytokines such IL-8, IL-1 and IL-6 in the glioblastoma cell line, U87vIII, real-time RT-PCR was performed to assess cytokine expression in the CypA Kd single clones, Ud-12 and Ud-3, as compared to the parental cells and scrambled clone. Here, PPIA is linked to glioblastoma.