CML abnormal production of granulocytes is due to the Bcr-Abl fusion proteins, which inducecytokine-independent cell proliferation via the stimulation of signalling pathways crucial for myeloid cellsurvival and proliferation, including Ras/Raf/MEK/Erk1/2, PI3K/Akt, Stat5/Bcl-xl and NF-κB [63,64,65,66,67,68]. This evidence concerns the gene BCR and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive.