APOC3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Reduced glycosylation of apoE is implicated in preeclampsia [35], whereas changes in apoC3 glyco-isoform ratio (mono-sialo/di-sialo) have been observed in uremia [36], kidney disease [37], and several other pathologies including obesity, in which mono-sialo/di-sialo apoC3 ratio positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) before and after bariatric surgery, suggesting that sialylation of apoC3 is reduced in obese individuals [38].