INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The same variant observed to be associated with T2D also plays a regulatory role in controlling ABCC5 adipose expression levels, with elevated ABCC5 expression levels in turn significantly associated with reduced insulin peripheral sensitivity in nondiabetic individuals (r = −0.15), increased visceral fat accumulation (r = 0.19) and increased risk of T2D (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.25–11.6), all of which indicates that over expression of ABCC5 may be causally implicated in T2D pathophysiology (see Fig. 3).