TLR4 and neoplasm: Buckwalter and Srivastava reported that the deficiency in CD8+ T-cell function elicited by necrotic cells can be overcome to varying degrees by anti-CD40 antibody and ligands for TLR4 (Toll like receptor 4) and TLR9, suggesting potential add-on therapies if indeed necrosis is the mechanism by which tumor cells are dying [49].