CASP1 and infection: Mice lacking both Nlrp3 and Nlrc4 genes showed an increased susceptibility to S. Typhimurium infection, similar to caspase-1−/− or Il-18−/− mice, whereas mice lacking either NLRP3 or NLRC4 did not succumb earlier to infection, which was ascribed to the ability of NLRP3 and NLRC4 to be engaged by distinct signals [18,19,21].