Latest reports of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) and Prostate, Lung Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial indicate that the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing increased the rate of overdiagnosis of patients with indolent and nonaggressive forms of prostate cancer to an estimated 17% to 50% [3], [4]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate carcinoma.