Within the TBM group at the time of TBM diagnosis, cytokine and chemokine concentrations were significantly higher in CSF than in blood samples, with the exception of IL-12p40, which showed comparable levels in blood and CSF, and CXCL1-3, which showed a higher trend (P = .06) in blood (Supplementary Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL13 and meningeal tuberculosis.