FLT3 and acute myeloid leukemia: Salvage chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory FLT3-ITD-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a low complete remission (CR) rate (20–26%), despite the sequential use of a FLT3 inhibitor.1 FLT3 ligand rises precipitously after chemotherapy administration in advanced AML and is thought to have a detrimental effect on the activity of FLT3 inhibitors.1 Most studies involving FLT3 inhibitors deliver the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) concomitantly with, or sequentially after, chemotherapy.