MIF and atherosclerosis: The secretion of MIF by inflammatory cells can be induced by exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein or other cytokines, such as TNF-α and interleukin-c [13, 14]. MIF activates the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and recruits macrophages to the site of atherosclerosis [12]. MIF participates in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and atherosclerosis processes [12, 13, 15–17].