Most of the 17 T2D-associated SNPs that showed consistent direction of effects had similar effect sizes between this study and prior reports, despite that rs10440833 at CDKAL1 had substantially stronger effect size in Europeans (OR = 1.25) than in African Americans (OR = 1.06, Phet = 5.86×10−6). Here, CDKAL1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.