Vgl-4 (vestigial related factor 4) is a vital co-activator of the TEF (transcription enhancer family) and a marker of cardiac hypertrophy [28] and was already significantly up-regulated by 4 weeks of age in R6/2 mice and as early as 8 months in HdhQ150 (Fig. 4B). Here, VGLL4 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.