TLR4 and cancer: Release of DAMPs, which are especially targeted by TLR2 and TLR4 (140–145) during cancer progression may cause chronic inflammation leading to down-regulation of the ζ chain of the T-cell and NK cell activating receptors [for comprehensive information on this topic see the review by Baniyash et al. (146)], which entails T-cell and NK cell dysfunction, a phenomenon observed in some malignancies such as GC (147, 148), colon (149), prostate (150), cervical (151), and pancreatic cancer (152).