In some cancers, such as glioma, prostate cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, high tumor TLR9 expression has been associated with poor survival whereas in others, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or renal cell carcinoma, low tumor TLR9 expression upon diagnosis predicts poor prognosis (27, 30, 32, 33, 38, 39). Here, TLR9 is linked to triple-negative breast carcinoma.