Development of liver fibrosis is mediated by increased secretion of biologically active TGF-β1, intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL2, CCL7, CCL12, and CCL3, which are the ligands for chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR1 on hepatic and BM-derived cells (Seki et al., 2009a,b). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Hepatic fibrosis.