For example, in a large retrospective analysis of studies with pazopanib [5], using data from mRCC patients in a phase II trial (n = 215) and a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial (n = 344), the following seven cytokine and angiogenic factors (CAFs) were observed to be associated with either continuous tumor shrinkage or PFS with pazopanib out of a panel of 17 CAFs: IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, osteopontin, E-selectin, HGF, and TIMP-1 [5]. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and neoplasm.