ANOS1 and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Mechanistic studies of the pathophysiology of KS/nIHH and specifically the neural cell adhesion molecule KAL-1/anosmin-1 have been hampered by the fact that a homolog of KAL1/anosmin-1 cannot be identified in the subfamily of mouse-like rodent genomes, at least not based on primary sequence (Supporting Information, Figure S1).