Our in vivo experiments using intrapancreatic transplantation of PSCs demonstrate that PSCs did not influence β-cell mass, insulin secretion, glucose handling, or HbA1c in normoglycemic Wistar rats, but had marked effects to exacerbate all of these (patho)physiological parameters in GK rats, which are an established model of spontaneous-onset T2DM [2, 31]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.