This IKK-β-mediated tumorigenic mechanism is consistent with and supports our current finding that auranofin treatment can downregulate the expression of IKK-β and promote FOXO3 nuclear localization to regulate the expression of its downstream target genes, resulting in the suppression of cell survival/growth and the promotion of cellular apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene FOXO3 and ovarian carcinoma.