Recent recognition that iniparib (also known as BSI-201 or SAR240550) from BiPar/Sanofi (formerly Sanofi-Aventis, Paris, France) was erroneously considered a PARP inhibitor during its clinical evaluation within a phase III trial [24,25], and new phase I and II data reporting on the anti-tumor activity of various potent PARP inhibitors such as niraparib (MK4827) [26], BMN673 [27], and rucaparib [28] in BRCA1/2-mutated tumors and sporadic HGSC, non-small-cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer, have renewed enthusiasm for PARP inhibitor drug development. This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.