When this occurs, the FMR1 gene is typically fully methylated, which prevents the transcription and the translation of the gene, consequently disrupting the production of FMRP and leading to cascading cognitive and behavioral impairment, including mild to severe intellectual disability, social anxiety, math and spatial reasoning problems, and relatively high co-morbidity with autism (30% of all FXS cases) [3,4]. The gene discussed is FMR1; the disease is autism.