As the genetic background is different for each patient and HCC tumors, the presentation of short O-glycans could be affected by various factors, such as the expression of core 2 or core 1 extension enzymes and aberrant protein trafficking in cancer cells [17], [33]._ENREF_39 Our study provides evidence that C1GALT1 is one of the crucial factors that modify O-glycans on integrin β1 in HCC. The gene discussed is C1GALT1; the disease is cancer.