ANKRD1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Although it has been demonstrated that Ankrd1/CARP expression is upregulated in response to myocardial damage and dysfunction regardless of the etiology [3], [4], [6], and elevation of Ankrd1/CARP expression is interpreted as an indicator of an unfavorable clinical outcome, it remains unclear whether myocardial overexpression of Ankrd1 in cardiac hypertrophy is causally related to the development of a malignant cardiac phenotype or whether it is merely an adaptive response that delays the progression of cardiac hypertrophy.