AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, in addition to AFP there are other biomarkers [7–9]: Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), des-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), osteopontin (OPN), and several other biomarkers (such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen-immunoglobulin M complexes, alpha-1-fucosidase (AFU), chromogranin A (CgA), human hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)) have been proposed as markers for the early detection of HCC [7–11].