INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Patients with type 2 diabetes have lower glucose uptake ability by insulin (Gierach et al.2014) and insulin-independent signaling pathways (Barnes et al.2002; Sriwijitkamol et al.2006) due to increased fat mass (Saltiel and Olefsky1996) or impaired mitochondrial function (Khan et al.2014).