TNF and infection: During the infection, HCMV enhances expression of several cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), for the viral replication and dissemination [9], and inhibition and blocking of normal cell cycle progression prior to S phase to provide a favorable environment for viral replication [10, 11].Thus, HCMV may manipulate the host environment to establish productive infection and ensure progression of the viral replication cycle, which may cause serious life threatening complications in immunocompromised individuals.